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VA Loans

QUICK SUMMARY

A VA loan is a mortgage guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs for an eligible veteran, service member, or surviving spouse. The lender makes the loan. VA guarantees part of it. VA does not set the interest rate. The program does not require a down payment or monthly mortgage insurance. It does charge a funding fee unless the borrower is exempt. It is for a primary residence, not a rental investment.

A VA loan is a mortgage from a private lender that the Department of Veterans Affairs partly guarantees. If you have eligible service and full entitlement, you can buy a home you'll live in with no down payment as long as the price isn't above the appraised value, with no monthly mortgage insurance and no VA loan limit. You'll usually pay a one-time VA funding fee unless you're exempt, and you still have to qualify on credit and income. Here's how it works for buyers in Fort Worth and across Texas.

Who's eligible

Eligibility comes from service and is proven with a Certificate of Eligibility (COE). VA's minimum active-duty service requirements include (VA eligibility):

  • Current service members: at least 90 continuous days.
  • Veterans who served from August 2, 1990, to the present: at least 24 continuous months, or the full period (at least 90 days) you were called or ordered to active duty, with exceptions for certain discharges and service-connected disabilities.
  • National Guard and Reserve members: at least 90 days of qualifying non-training active-duty service, or 6 creditable years with continued service or an honorable discharge or retirement.
  • Earlier service periods have their own minimums, often 90 or 181 days.

Some surviving spouses can also qualify (VA surviving spouse). I can usually request your COE through the lender system, or you can request it yourself on VA Form 26-1880.

What VA requires on the loan

You have to live there

VA purchase loans are for a home you'll live in (VA purchase loan). You can buy a single-family home or up to 4 units, a condo in a VA-approved project, a manufactured home, or build a new home, as long as you'll occupy it. A pure rental doesn't qualify. See VA occupancy for the details.

Credit

VA doesn't set a minimum credit score. VA looks at your overall credit history and leaves score requirements to lenders (VA lender training, credit underwriting). Ask me how this applies to your situation, because what we can approve depends on your full file and the automated findings.

Debt-to-income and residual income

VA uses two tests together (38 CFR 36.4340):

  • Debt-to-income ratio. The benchmark is 41 percent. Above that, the loan can still be approved with written justification from the underwriter's supervisor.
  • Residual income. The money left over each month after the new house payment, debts, taxes and an estimate for maintenance and utilities. VA publishes a table by region, family size and loan amount, and Texas is in VA's South region.
  • If your ratio is over 41 percent and your residual income beats VA's guideline by at least 20 percent, the extra supervisor review and justification aren't required.

Failing one test doesn't automatically disqualify you, but the file has to be justified.

The appraisal

VA assigns the appraiser and issues a Notice of Value showing the home's reasonable value. The no-down-payment feature works as long as the price isn't above that value. If the value comes in low, you can renegotiate, cover the difference in cash, or walk away under the right contract terms. See VA Notice of Value.

The VA funding fee

Most VA borrowers pay a one-time funding fee, which can be financed into the loan on a purchase. For purchase and construction loans (VA funding fee):

  • First use: 2.15 percent when the loan is more than 95 percent of the price, 1.5 percent when it is more than 90 up to 95 percent, and 1.25 percent when it is 90 percent or less.
  • After first use: 3.3 percent when the loan is more than 95 percent of the price, then the same 1.5 and 1.25 percent tiers.

You're exempt if you receive VA compensation for a service-connected disability (or are eligible for it but receive retirement or active-duty pay instead), if you're a surviving spouse receiving Dependency and Indemnity Compensation, if you're a service member with a proposed or memorandum rating before closing, or if you're an active-duty member who shows evidence of a Purple Heart on or before closing.

Loan amount and entitlement

If you have full entitlement, VA doesn't cap how much you can borrow. Your income, credit and the appraisal still do, and so does the lender. If part of your entitlement is tied up in another VA loan, your no-down-payment maximum is based on the county conforming loan limit, which is $832,750 for a one-unit home in Tarrant, Dallas, Johnson and Parker counties in 2026 (VA loan limits). My VA entitlement article walks through the math.

Closing costs and seller help

On a purchase, the funding fee is the only cost you can finance into the loan. Your other closing costs are paid at closing, by you or through credits the rules allow. VA doesn't limit seller credits for normal closing costs, but it limits seller concessions, like paying your funding fee or paying off your debts, to 4 percent of the home's reasonable value. See seller concessions.

After you close

  • Refinancing. A VA interest rate reduction refinance can lower the rate on an existing VA loan. See VA IRRRL.
  • Assumption. A VA loan can be assumed by a qualified buyer with lender approval. If the buyer isn't a veteran substituting entitlement, your entitlement can stay tied up in that loan.
  • Using it again. You can use the benefit again after selling or refinancing, and in some cases while you still have a VA loan.
  • No prepayment penalty. You can pay the loan off early.

Fictional example

This example is made up to show how the pieces fit.

Jasmine served 6 years in the Army and is buying her first home in Benbrook for $310,000. She has full entitlement, so there's no VA loan limit in play. The Notice of Value comes back at $312,000, so she can buy with no down payment. Her first-use funding fee, with a loan above 95 percent of the price, is 2.15 percent of the loan, which she finances. Her contract asks the seller to pay her normal closing costs, which don't count against VA's 4 percent concession limit. Her debt-to-income ratio is 43 percent, but her residual income is more than 20 percent above VA's South region guideline for her family size, so the file meets VA's rule for ratios over 41 percent. If she later receives a disability rating with an effective date before closing, she can ask VA about a funding fee refund.

Common myths

  • "No down payment means no money at closing." Prepaids, escrow deposits and any costs the seller doesn't cover are still due.
  • "VA loans are only for first-time buyers." You can use the benefit more than once.
  • "I can use a VA loan for an investment property." Not unless you'll live in it, including a 2 to 4 unit home where you live in one unit.
  • "VA loans take forever." The timeline depends on the file, the appraisal and the contract, not the program itself.
  • "Sellers don't like VA offers." A clean, well-prepared VA offer with realistic terms competes fine.

What to have ready

  • Your DD214, or a statement of service if you're still serving, or Guard or Reserve records.
  • Your VA disability award letter if you have one, since it can remove the funding fee.
  • Pay stubs, W-2s and tax returns as needed, and bank statements.
  • Details on any current or past VA loan so we can check your entitlement.

Next step

Thinking about a VA loan in Fort Worth or anywhere in Texas? I can pull your COE, check your entitlement and funding fee status, and tell you what fits before you start looking. Schedule a call, or when you're ready, start an application.

Related questions

Sources

Links checked Oct 21, 2026.

About the author: McKade Lively, NMLS 2704474, American Pacific Mortgage Corporation dba True North Home Loans, NMLS 1850.

Equal Housing Opportunity.

Last reviewed: Oct 2026

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McKade Lively, NMLS #2704474. Equal Housing Opportunity.